الصين تحذر شركات صناعة السيارات: احتفظوا بالتقنيات الكهربائية الرئيسية في البلاد
القاهرة ..تامر عبدالخالق
في الآونة الأخيرة، أصدرت وزارة التجارة الصينية تعليماتها لشركات صناعة السيارات بإعادة تقييم كيفية تصدير تقنيات السيارات الكهربائية البالغة الأهمية. ومع ارتفاع التعريفات الدولية على واردات السيارات الكهربائية الصينية الصنع، سعت شركات صناعة السيارات إلى فتح مصانع جديدة في الخارج لخفض التكاليف والحفاظ على القدرة التنافسية. ومع ذلك، تقترح الصين أن تختار الشركات إرسال مجموعات مفككة للتجميع المحلي بدلاً من إنتاج كل جزء على حدة في مصانع بالخارج، وفقًا لشبكة بلومبرج.
وتهدف الاستراتيچية إلى حماية الأسرار التجارية وتقليل المخاطر التنظيمية حيث تسعى الصين إلى تعزيز مكانتها في سوق السيارات الكهربائية العالمية. وقد تبنت بعض شركات صناعة السيارات، مثل شيري وسايك، هذا النموذج بالفعل. فقد أعلنت شركة شيري، على سبيل المثال، أنها ستستخدم مصنع نيسان السابق في برشلونة بإسپانيا لتجميع مجموعات المركبات المفككة جزئيا. لدى سايك أيضًا مصنع مماثل في پاكستان.
يأتي هذا التوجيه في وقت تتطلع فيه شركات صناعة السيارات الصينية إلى توسيع عملياتها الدولية، حتى في الوقت الذي تواجه فيه تعريفات كبيرة قد تصل إلى ١٠٠٪ على المركبات الكهربائية الصينية الصنع. ويهدف التوسع إلى تعويض المنافسة الشرسة وتباطؤ المبيعات في السوق المحلية، في حين تستمر الشركات في تلقي الإعانات الحكومية التي تجعل أسعار المركبات أكثر تنافسية للمستهلكين.
ومع ذلك، فإن توجيهات وزارة التجارة والصناعة قد تضر بمحاولات العولمة التي تبذلها شركات صناعة السيارات الصينية. يمكن للدول الأوروپية مثل تركيا، التي تجتذب شركة بي واي دي لبناء مصنع بطاقة سنوية تبلغ ١٥٠ ألف سيارة، أن ترى خططها لتحفيز الاقتصاد المحلي مهددة إذا أبقت الصين على إنتاج التقنيات الرئيسية داخل حدودها.
وخلال اجتماع مع ممثلي الصناعة، أبرزت وزارة التجارة والصناعة أن البلدان التي تدعو شركات صناعة السيارات الصينية للاستثمار في المصانع المحلية هي نفس البلدان التي تفرض أو تفكر في فرض حواجز تجارية ضد المركبات المصنعة في الصين. وحذرت السلطات الصينية شركات صناعة السيارات من اتباع اتجاهات الاستثمار الخارجي بشكل أعمى، مما سلط الضوء على المخاطر المحتملة التي تنطوي عليها.
وتتمثل معضلة شركات صناعة السيارات الآن في الموازنة بين توقعات الأرباح العالمية وتوجيهات الحكومة الصينية للحفاظ على مركزية الإنتاج في البلاد. وحتى لو اختاروا إرسال مجموعات مفككة لتجنب التعريفات الجمركية، فسيظل من الضروري الامتثال للمتطلبات الصارمة فيما يتعلق بأصل المكونات الأخرى وتكوين البطاريات، بالإضافة إلى خطر فرض تعريفات جديدة في المستقبل.
ويضع هذا الوضع المصنعين في موقف حساس، حيث يتعين عليهم أن يقرروا ما إذا كانوا سيتبعون المبادئ التوجيهية للحكومة الصينية أو يبحثون عن أسواق أجنبية ويواجهون العواقب التنظيمية والاقتصادية المحتملة.
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